Russia

Southern Federal University recorded directional-word EEG from 22 healthy volunteers: 12 native Russian speakers and 10 native Spanish speakers. Both groups performed six directional words, with an additional “next” command in Russian. Recordings used 38 electrodes at 500 Hz, with concurrent articulation-related EMG in six participants. Random Forest accuracy of 78 ± 4% came from per-participant five-fold cross-validation distinguishing rest, overt speech and inner speech—not six-word recognition. Keypress, muscle and task-order effects require consideration in subsequent analyses.

Researchers from Southwest State University developed an integrated brain-computer interface system supporting both synchronous and asynchronous paradigms, achieving 60-65% recognition accuracy in EEG-based robotic device control tasks.