Shanghai Jiao Tong University

A perspective paper proposes designing neural implants as functional tissues made of living cells, rather than solely as electrodes connecting to nerves. Called Cybertissue Neuroprosthetics, the concept aims for structural and functional integration with the host nervous system to support long-term neuromodulation and information exchange. It optionally incorporates minimal nanoelectronics, nanomaterials, or genetic modifications while seeking to reduce foreign materials and use cellular signaling mechanisms. The author proposes this approach to address interface deterioration during long-term implantation, but lifetime integration remains a goal, not an established device capability or clinical outcome.

A collaborative study involving authors from Hangzhou Dianzi University and other institutions developed a three-dimensional helical stretchable neural probe and achieved 1024-channel signal acquisition in the pig cerebral cortex. The researchers also report single-unit recordings with long-term stability in the mouse deep brain, while flexible planar microelectrode arrays recorded subcutaneous EMG signals in mice. The probe is fabricated using planar microfabrication followed by thermally driven helical shaping, expanding wiring space and accommodating tissue motion. Mechanical simulations and cyclic stretching tests examined strain mitigation and electrochemical stability, respectively. These device and animal results do not establish long-term performance in humans.