Lanzhou University

A Cochrane review of 43 randomized trials involving 1,628 participants found that BCI training may produce a small improvement in post-stroke upper-limb motor function compared with conventional rehabilitation, while effects on lower-limb function and activities of daily living were limited or uncertain. No clear advantage emerged over sham BCI, and certainty was low to very low because of bias risk, small samples, heterogeneity and possible publication bias.

Researchers at Lanzhou University, Zhejiang University, the University of Hong Kong and Sun Yat-sen University have built MindShow, a unified generative framework that reconstructs images from fMRI at cohort level rather than one subject at a time. A hierarchically conditioned mixture-of-experts encoder separates population-shared latent representations from subject-specific neural traits, so a new subject can be adapted with limited calibration data; a gated Perceiver bottleneck maps fMRI features into fixed-size image and text tokens, an optimal transport loss aligns them with a pretrained vision-language model, and a frozen diffusion model renders the image. The authors report better high-level reconstruction metrics with competitive structural fidelity, in a study published in Medical Image Analysis on June 20, 2026.