A systematic review in Frontiers in Digital Health screened 12,423 records and analyzed 177 studies of brain-computer interfaces in elderly care, identifying six recurring ethical themes: privacy and data security, informed consent and autonomy, personhood and identity, technical risk and safety, equity and access, and risk-benefit trade-offs. The authors argue those risks are built into the technology's interaction logic rather than sitting at its margins: decoding uncertainty can turn into care misjudgment, the inferability of neural data extends privacy exposure into psychological territory and power asymmetry, and technology-mediated communication strains trust and accountability. Responsible deployment, they conclude, requires embedding ethical principles systematically into care processes.
