However, current BCI development has predominantly emphasised technical performance metrics, lacking systematic investigation into the clinical characteristics of real-world patient populations. Existing studies often recruit idealised subjects while neglecting prevalent conditions like stroke, and system designs frequently fail to align with patient-specific profiles.
To address this gap, researchers Xiaoke Chai, Zhiyao Zheng, Nan Wang, Qiheng He, Yitong Jia, and Kefei Wan established a prospective BCI evaluation outpatient cohort, collecting comprehensive data from patients with motor dysfunction throughout 2025. Among the 1,641 patients enrolled, the majority were chronic-phase stroke patients (1,087, 66.24%). The cohort was primarily middle-aged, with a mean age of 45.93 +/- 11.23 years. The study detailed patterns of muscle strength, joint range of motion, and sensory impairments, aiming to construct the first clinical profile to inform precise patient selection and guide personalised BCI system design.