BCIwiki (bciwiki.com) — The study was published in Exploring Science Academic Conference Series on August 11, 2026. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has become one of the mainstream paradigms in brain-computer interface systems due to its high information transfer rate, high recognition accuracy, and low user training requirements, showing potential in medical rehabilitation and intelligent control. Despite substantial technical advances in laboratory settings, SSVEP-BCI systems still face significant bottlenecks when transitioning to real-world applications.
Researcher Zichen He systematically analysed the core difficulties facing SSVEP-BCI systems at three levels: at the technical level, signal denoising and asynchronous system design; at the hardware level, the trade-off between device cost and performance; at the user level, core needs related to comfort and portability.
The paper summarises existing solutions including fusion with electromyography (EMG) signals for denoising, sponge electrodes made from novel materials, high-frequency stimulation, and hybrid paradigms. The author highlights that algorithm optimisation, new material development, and hybrid paradigms will be key pathways for moving SSVEP-BCI systems from laboratories to widespread application.