BCIwiki (bciwiki.com) — According to the journal record from npj Flexible Electronics, a study of a skin-mimetic adaptive gradient electrode (AGE) was published on October 31, 2026. Author affiliations include Guangxi University, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Tsinghua University and Sichuan University in China. For long-duration recording, two male participants completed the 8-hour and 14-hour sessions, respectively. The 8-hour session included reading, eating, sleeping and walking, with hourly eyes-closed and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) input tasks. The 14-hour session used hourly SSVEP and motion visual evoked potential (mVEP) input tasks.
The study addresses motion artifacts—signal interference introduced by movement—and limited operating time associated with poor electrode–scalp matching. Inspired by the gradient structure of skin, the authors used the Marangoni effect within a gradient temperature field to induce heterogeneous crosslinking in a hydrogel. The resulting electrode changes gradually in stiffness, remaining soft at the scalp interface and firm at the circuit connection. A graded pore structure supports sustained electrolyte release.
In the 14-hour session, the authors report input accuracy above 95% for SSVEP and above 90% for mVEP. Each long-duration session involved one participant and does not establish performance across a broad population. These are electrode and system-task performance measures, not demonstrations of clinical treatment effects or long-term wearing safety.