BCIwiki (bciwiki.com) — The review was published in Computers in biology and medicine on July 1, 2026. It focuses on EEG non-stationarity across sessions, individuals, and recording conditions, and examines whether mechanisms that help the brain maintain functional stability can improve model generalization and the long-term reliability of brain-computer interfaces.
The review covers synaptic plasticity, homeostatic regulation, neural oscillations, and spiking representations. It compares bio-inspired methods with conventional machine learning and transfer learning, and considers hybrid designs that combine biologically grounded mechanisms with artificial neural networks. The author also proposes operational definitions of bio-inspired, bio-plausible, and bio-realistic modeling, together with a minimum specification for continual EEG benchmarks. Because direct EEG evidence remains limited for several mechanisms, the review calls for a clear distinction between empirically supported findings, hypotheses, and future research directions.